add client module

This commit is contained in:
ThetaDev 2022-07-25 12:30:16 +02:00
parent 7447d2394b
commit b85b9893a8
7 changed files with 550 additions and 29 deletions

View file

@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ edition = "2021"
[dependencies]
quick-js = "0.4.1"
once_cell = "1.12.0"
regex = "1.6.0"
fancy-regex = "0.10.0"
anyhow = "1.0"
thiserror = "1.0.31"
@ -16,3 +15,10 @@ url = "2.2.2"
log = "0.4.17"
reqwest = "0.11.11"
tokio = {version = "1.20.0", features = ["macros"]}
serde_json = "1.0.82"
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
rand = "0.8.5"
[dev-dependencies]
env_logger = "0.9.0"
test-log = "0.2.11"

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@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
{
"videoId": "a1IuJLebHgM",
"context": {
"client": {
"hl": "de",
"gl": "DE",
"remoteHost": "2003:de:af47:2200:1f01:5e28:c1a1:55b9",
"deviceMake": "",
"deviceModel": "",
"visitorData": "CgtfZGdNenp4Z1JVRSjItfSWBg%3D%3D",
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.5060.134 Safari/537.36,gzip(gfe)",
"clientName": "WEB_REMIX",
"clientVersion": "1.20220715.04.00",
"osName": "X11",
"osVersion": "",
"originalUrl": "https://music.youtube.com/?cbrd=1",
"platform": "DESKTOP",
"clientFormFactor": "UNKNOWN_FORM_FACTOR",
"configInfo": {
"appInstallData": "CMi19JYGENSDrgUQxPb9EhCurK4FEP24_RIQlK-uBRC3y60FENCtrgUQ5vj9EhDLoq4FELiLrgUQpvP9EhDYvq0F"
},
"browserName": "Chrome",
"browserVersion": "103.0.5060.134",
"screenWidthPoints": 540,
"screenHeightPoints": 1003,
"screenPixelDensity": 1,
"screenDensityFloat": 1,
"utcOffsetMinutes": 120,
"userInterfaceTheme": "USER_INTERFACE_THEME_DARK",
"timeZone": "Europe/Berlin",
"playerType": "UNIPLAYER",
"tvAppInfo": { "livingRoomAppMode": "LIVING_ROOM_APP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED" },
"clientScreen": "WATCH_FULL_SCREEN"
},
"user": { "lockedSafetyMode": false },
"request": {
"useSsl": true,
"internalExperimentFlags": [],
"consistencyTokenJars": []
},
"clientScreenNonce": "MC41MjQzMjkwMzQ5NzQ3ODE4",
"adSignalsInfo": {
"params": [
{ "key": "dt", "value": "1658657482350" },
{ "key": "flash", "value": "0" },
{ "key": "frm", "value": "0" },
{ "key": "u_tz", "value": "120" },
{ "key": "u_his", "value": "3" },
{ "key": "u_h", "value": "1080" },
{ "key": "u_w", "value": "2560" },
{ "key": "u_ah", "value": "1080" },
{ "key": "u_aw", "value": "2560" },
{ "key": "u_cd", "value": "24" },
{ "key": "bc", "value": "31" },
{ "key": "bih", "value": "1003" },
{ "key": "biw", "value": "528" },
{
"key": "brdim",
"value": "1219,-39,1219,-39,2560,0,1336,1158,540,1003"
},
{ "key": "vis", "value": "1" },
{ "key": "wgl", "value": "true" },
{ "key": "ca_type", "value": "image" }
]
},
"clickTracking": {
"clickTrackingParams": "CIwFEMjeAiITCKTV48-kkfkCFfrfEQgdbKQFeQ=="
}
},
"playbackContext": {
"contentPlaybackContext": {
"html5Preference": "HTML5_PREF_WANTS",
"lactMilliseconds": "11",
"referer": "https://music.youtube.com/",
"signatureTimestamp": 19194,
"autoCaptionsDefaultOn": false,
"mdxContext": {}
}
},
"cpn": "Hhji0Eo5WqdxXyj8",
"playlistId": "RDAMVMa1IuJLebHgM",
"captionParams": {},
"serviceIntegrityDimensions": {
"poToken": "GpsBCm41_Q8Gdg5ubTfFjg5iom_5EMgKAKggyajvdSFL8McTI6M-exELW1WeGmPtwON1sqmJItk-wHF1WobX8rZRx49vefmv5NprWecvSx3LPl8ESu-QQZOK9VI-q9R3OdcTpJWLkcY7eEKuyItFf6k0ZxIpAX04kIiBQUQPO8JcQv_U5siKZaug6kUSg9OqLmFc7rRClBhbWq7yF1U="
}
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
{
"context": {
"client": {
"hl": "de",
"gl": "DE",
"remoteHost": "2003:de:af47:2200:1f01:5e28:c1a1:55b9",
"deviceMake": "",
"deviceModel": "",
"visitorData": "CgtfZGdNenp4Z1JVRSjItfSWBg%3D%3D",
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.5060.134 Safari/537.36,gzip(gfe)",
"clientName": "WEB_REMIX",
"clientVersion": "1.20220715.04.00",
"osName": "X11",
"osVersion": "",
"originalUrl": "https://music.youtube.com/?cbrd=1",
"platform": "DESKTOP",
"clientFormFactor": "UNKNOWN_FORM_FACTOR",
"configInfo": {
"appInstallData": "CMi19JYGENSDrgUQxPb9EhCurK4FEP24_RIQlK-uBRC3y60FENCtrgUQ5vj9EhDLoq4FELiLrgUQpvP9EhDYvq0F"
},
"browserName": "Chrome",
"browserVersion": "103.0.5060.134",
"screenWidthPoints": 759,
"screenHeightPoints": 1010,
"screenPixelDensity": 1,
"screenDensityFloat": 1,
"utcOffsetMinutes": 120,
"userInterfaceTheme": "USER_INTERFACE_THEME_DARK",
"timeZone": "Europe/Berlin",
"musicAppInfo": {
"pwaInstallabilityStatus": "PWA_INSTALLABILITY_STATUS_UNKNOWN",
"webDisplayMode": "WEB_DISPLAY_MODE_BROWSER",
"storeDigitalGoodsApiSupportStatus": {
"playStoreDigitalGoodsApiSupportStatus": "DIGITAL_GOODS_API_SUPPORT_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED"
},
"musicActivityMasterSwitch": "MUSIC_ACTIVITY_MASTER_SWITCH_INDETERMINATE",
"musicLocationMasterSwitch": "MUSIC_LOCATION_MASTER_SWITCH_INDETERMINATE"
}
},
"user": { "lockedSafetyMode": false },
"request": {
"useSsl": true,
"internalExperimentFlags": [],
"consistencyTokenJars": []
},
"adSignalsInfo": {
"params": [
{ "key": "dt", "value": "1658657481372" },
{ "key": "flash", "value": "0" },
{ "key": "frm", "value": "0" },
{ "key": "u_tz", "value": "120" },
{ "key": "u_his", "value": "4" },
{ "key": "u_h", "value": "1080" },
{ "key": "u_w", "value": "1920" },
{ "key": "u_ah", "value": "1080" },
{ "key": "u_aw", "value": "1920" },
{ "key": "u_cd", "value": "24" },
{ "key": "bc", "value": "31" },
{ "key": "bih", "value": "1010" },
{ "key": "biw", "value": "759" },
{ "key": "brdim", "value": "2560,0,2560,0,1920,0,1920,1080,759,1010" },
{ "key": "vis", "value": "1" },
{ "key": "wgl", "value": "true" },
{ "key": "ca_type", "value": "image" }
]
},
"activePlayers": [{ "playerContextParams": "Q0FFU0FnZ0I=" }]
},
"query": "test",
"suggestStats": {
"validationStatus": "VALID",
"parameterValidationStatus": "VALID_PARAMETERS",
"clientName": "youtube-music",
"searchMethod": "ENTER_KEY",
"inputMethod": "KEYBOARD",
"originalQuery": "test",
"availableSuggestions": [
{ "index": 0, "suggestionType": 0 },
{ "index": 1, "suggestionType": 0 },
{ "index": 2, "suggestionType": 0 },
{ "index": 3, "suggestionType": 0 },
{ "index": 4, "suggestionType": 0 },
{ "index": 5, "suggestionType": 0 },
{ "index": 6, "suggestionType": 0 }
],
"zeroPrefixEnabled": true,
"firstEditTimeMsec": 240405,
"lastEditTimeMsec": 243276
}
}

303
src/client/mod.rs Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
use std::time::Instant;
use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context, Result};
use fancy_regex::Regex;
use log::{debug, error, info, warn};
use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
use rand::Rng;
use reqwest::{header, Client, ClientBuilder, Request};
use serde::Serialize;
use tokio::sync::Mutex;
use crate::util;
pub enum ClientType {
Desktop,
DesktopMusic,
TvHtml5Embed,
Android,
Ios,
}
#[derive(Serialize, Debug)]
#[serde(rename = "camelCase")]
struct BaseRequest {
context: ContextYT,
}
#[derive(Serialize, Debug)]
#[serde(rename = "camelCase")]
struct ContextYT {
client: ClientInfo,
/// only used on desktop
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
request: Option<RequestYT>,
user: User,
/// only used for the embedded player
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
third_party: Option<ThirdParty>,
}
#[derive(Serialize, Debug)]
#[serde(rename = "camelCase")]
struct ClientInfo {
client_name: String,
client_version: String,
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
client_screen: Option<String>,
platform: String,
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
original_url: Option<String>,
/// Language (`en`, `de`)
hl: String,
/// Country (`US`, `DE`)
gl: String,
}
#[derive(Serialize, Debug)]
#[serde(rename = "camelCase")]
struct RequestYT {
internal_experiment_flags: Vec<String>,
use_ssl: bool,
}
impl Default for RequestYT {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
internal_experiment_flags: vec![],
use_ssl: true,
}
}
}
#[derive(Serialize, Debug, Default)]
#[serde(rename = "camelCase")]
struct User {
// TO DO: provide a way to enable restricted mode with:
// "enableSafetyMode": true
locked_safety_mode: bool,
}
#[derive(Serialize, Debug)]
#[serde(rename = "camelCase")]
struct ThirdParty {
embed_url: String,
}
struct DesktopClientData {
last_update: Option<Instant>,
client_version: String,
}
impl Default for DesktopClientData {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
last_update: None,
client_version: DESKTOP_CLIENT_VERSION.to_owned(),
}
}
}
impl DesktopClientData {
fn is_old(&self) -> bool {
self.last_update.is_none()
|| Instant::now()
.duration_since(self.last_update.unwrap())
.as_secs()
> 86400
}
}
const DEFAULT_UA: &str =
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; rv:107.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/107.0";
const CONSENT_COOKIE: &str = "CONSENT";
const CONSENT_COOKIE_YES: &str = "YES+yt.462272069.de+FX+";
const CONSENT_COOKIE_NO: &str = "PENDING+";
const DESKTOP_CLIENT_VERSION: &str = "2.20220721.05.00_1";
const DESKTOP_API_KEY: &str = "AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8";
const CONTENT_PLAYBACK_NONCE_ALPHABET: &[u8; 64] =
b"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_";
pub struct RustyTube {
http: Client,
desktop_client_data: Mutex<DesktopClientData>,
lang: String,
country: String,
consent_cookie_yes: String,
consent_cookie_no: String,
}
impl RustyTube {
#[must_use]
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self::new_with_ua("en", "US", DEFAULT_UA)
}
#[must_use]
pub fn new_with_ua(lang: &str, country: &str, user_agent: &str) -> Self {
let http = ClientBuilder::new()
.user_agent(user_agent)
.build()
.expect("unable to build the HTTP client");
let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
Self {
http,
desktop_client_data: Mutex::new(DesktopClientData::default()),
lang: lang.to_owned(),
country: country.to_owned(),
consent_cookie_yes: format!(
"{}={}{}",
CONSENT_COOKIE,
CONSENT_COOKIE_YES,
rng.gen_range(100..1000)
),
consent_cookie_no: format!(
"{}={}{}",
CONSENT_COOKIE,
CONSENT_COOKIE_NO,
rng.gen_range(100..1000)
),
}
}
async fn get_client_version(&self) -> String {
let mut client_data = self.desktop_client_data.lock().await;
if client_data.is_old() {
let client_version = self.extract_client_version_from_swjs().await;
let new_version = match client_version {
Ok(client_version) => match client_version {
Some(client_version) => {
debug!("Updated desktop client version to {}", client_version);
client_version
}
None => {
warn!("Could not find desktop client version in sw.js");
DESKTOP_CLIENT_VERSION.to_owned()
}
},
Err(e) => {
warn!("Could not extract desktop client version, Error: {}", e);
DESKTOP_CLIENT_VERSION.to_owned()
}
};
*client_data = DesktopClientData {
client_version: new_version,
last_update: Some(Instant::now()),
}
}
client_data.client_version.to_string()
}
async fn extract_client_version_from_swjs(&self) -> Result<Option<String>> {
let swjs = self
.exec_request(
self.http
.get("https://www.youtube.com/sw.js")
.header(header::ORIGIN, "https://www.youtube.com")
.header(header::REFERER, "https://www.youtube.com")
.header(header::COOKIE, self.consent_cookie_yes.to_owned())
.build()
.unwrap(),
)
.await
.context("Failed to download sw.js")?;
static CLIENT_VERSION_PATTERNS: Lazy<[Regex; 3]> = Lazy::new(|| {
[
Regex::new("INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_VERSION\":\"([0-9\\.]+?)\"").unwrap(),
Regex::new("innertube_context_client_version\":\"([0-9\\.]+?)\"").unwrap(),
Regex::new("client.version=([0-9\\.]+)").unwrap(),
]
});
/*
static API_KEY_PATTERNS: Lazy<[Regex; 2]> = Lazy::new(|| {
[
Regex::new("INNERTUBE_API_KEY\":\"([0-9a-zA-Z_-]+?)\"").unwrap(),
Regex::new("innertubeApiKey\":\"([0-9a-zA-Z_-]+?)\"").unwrap(),
]
});*/
Ok(util::get_cg_from_regexes(
CLIENT_VERSION_PATTERNS.iter(),
&swjs,
1,
))
}
fn generate_content_playback_nonce() -> String {
util::random_string(CONTENT_PLAYBACK_NONCE_ALPHABET, 16)
}
fn generate_t_parameter() -> String {
util::random_string(CONTENT_PLAYBACK_NONCE_ALPHABET, 12)
}
async fn exec_request(&self, request: Request) -> Result<String> {
let resp = self.http.execute(request).await?.error_for_status()?;
Ok(resp.text().await?)
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
use test_log::test;
#[test(tokio::test)]
async fn t_extract_client_version_from_swjs() {
let rt = RustyTube::new();
let version = rt.extract_client_version_from_swjs().await.unwrap();
let version = version.unwrap();
// Client version changes often, notify during test so the hardcoded version can be updated
if version != DESKTOP_CLIENT_VERSION {
println!(
"INFO: YT Desktop Client was updated, new version: {}",
version
);
}
}
#[test(tokio::test)]
async fn t_get_client_version() {
error!("Checking whether it still works...");
let rt = RustyTube::new();
let client_version = rt.get_client_version().await;
assert!(client_version.len() > 10);
}
#[test]
fn json_test() {
let request = BaseRequest {
context: ContextYT {
client: ClientInfo {
client_name: "WEB".to_owned(),
client_version: "x".to_owned(),
client_screen: None,
platform: "DESKTOP".to_owned(),
original_url: Some("https://www.youtube.com".to_owned()),
hl: "de".to_owned(),
gl: "DE".to_owned(),
},
request: Some(RequestYT::default()),
user: User::default(),
third_party: None,
},
};
let request_str = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&request).unwrap();
println!("{}", request_str);
}
}

View file

@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context, Result};
use fancy_regex::Regex;
use log::debug;
use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
use reqwest::Client;
use std::result::Result::Ok;
use std::time::Instant;
use tokio::sync::RwLock;
use crate::util;
pub struct Deobfuscator {
client: Client,
http: Client,
cache: RwLock<JSCache>,
}
@ -19,9 +22,10 @@ struct JSCache {
}
impl Deobfuscator {
pub fn new(client: Client) -> Self {
#[must_use]
pub fn new(http: Client) -> Self {
Self {
client: client,
http,
cache: RwLock::new(JSCache {
js_url: None,
last_update: Instant::now(),
@ -35,15 +39,15 @@ impl Deobfuscator {
let mut cache = self.cache.write().await;
if cache.is_stale() {
let url = get_player_js_url(&self.client)
let url = get_player_js_url(&self.http)
.await
.context("Failed to retrieve player.js URL")?;
let player_js = get_website(&self.client, &url)
let player_js = get_response(&self.http, &url)
.await
.context("Failed to download player.js")?;
println!("Downloaded player.js from {}", url);
debug!("Downloaded player.js from {}", url);
let sig_fn = get_sig_fn(&player_js)?;
let nsig_fn = get_nsig_fn(&player_js)?;
@ -91,10 +95,7 @@ fn get_sig_fn_name(player_js: &str) -> Result<String> {
]
});
FUNCTION_PATTERNS
.iter()
.find_map(|pattern| pattern.captures(player_js).ok().flatten())
.map(|c| c.get(1).unwrap().as_str().to_owned())
util::get_cg_from_regexes(FUNCTION_PATTERNS.iter(), player_js, 1)
.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("could not find deobf function name"))
}
@ -270,8 +271,8 @@ fn deobfuscate_nsig(sig: &str, nsig_fn: &str) -> Result<String> {
}
}
async fn get_player_js_url(client: &Client) -> Result<String> {
let resp = client
async fn get_player_js_url(http: &Client) -> Result<String> {
let resp = http
.get("https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api")
.send()
.await?
@ -295,8 +296,8 @@ async fn get_player_js_url(client: &Client) -> Result<String> {
))
}
async fn get_website(client: &Client, url: &str) -> Result<String> {
let resp = client.get(url).send().await?.error_for_status()?;
async fn get_response(http: &Client, url: &str) -> Result<String> {
let resp = http.get(url).send().await?.error_for_status()?;
Ok(resp.text().await?)
}
@ -304,6 +305,7 @@ async fn get_website(client: &Client, url: &str) -> Result<String> {
mod tests {
use super::*;
use std::sync::Arc;
use test_log::test;
const TEST_JS: &str = include_str!("../notes/base.js");
const N_DEOBF_FUNC: &str = r#"Vo=function(a){var b=a.split(""),c=[function(d,e,f){var h=f.length;d.forEach(function(l,m,n){this.push(n[m]=f[(f.indexOf(l)-f.indexOf(this[m])+m+h--)%f.length])},e.split(""))},
@ -321,13 +323,13 @@ c[30]=c;c[40]=c;c[46]=c;try{c[43](c[34]),c[45](c[40],c[47]),c[46](c[51],c[33]),c
c[36](c[8],c[32]),c[20](c[25],c[10]),c[2](c[22],c[8]),c[32](c[20],c[16]),c[32](c[47],c[49]),c[1](c[44],c[28]),c[39](c[16]),c[32](c[42],c[22]),c[46](c[14],c[48]),c[26](c[29],c[10]),c[46](c[9],c[3]),c[32](c[45])}catch(d){return"enhanced_except_85UBjOr-_w8_"+a}return b.join("")};function deobfuscate(a){return Vo(a);}"#;
#[test]
fn test_get_sig_fn_name() {
fn t_get_sig_fn_name() {
let dfunc_name = get_sig_fn_name(TEST_JS).unwrap();
assert_eq!(dfunc_name, "Rva");
}
#[test]
fn test_get_sig_fn() {
fn t_get_sig_fn() {
let dcode = get_sig_fn(TEST_JS).unwrap();
assert_eq!(
dcode,
@ -336,47 +338,47 @@ c[36](c[8],c[32]),c[20](c[25],c[10]),c[2](c[22],c[8]),c[32](c[20],c[16]),c[32](c
}
#[test]
fn test_deobfuscate_sig() {
fn t_deobfuscate_sig() {
let dcode = get_sig_fn(TEST_JS).unwrap();
let deobf = deobfuscate_sig("GOqGOqGOq0QJ8wRAIgaryQHfplJ9xJSKFywyaSMHuuwZYsoMTAvRvfm51qIGECIA5061zWeyfMPX9hEl_U6f9J0tr7GTJMKyPf5XNrJb5fb5i", &dcode).unwrap();
assert_eq!(deobf, "AOq0QJ8wRAIgaryQHmplJ9xJSKFywyaSMHuuwZYsoMTfvRviG51qIGECIA5061zWeyfMPX9hEl_U6f9J0tr7GTJMKyPf5XNrJb5f");
}
#[test]
fn test_get_nsig_fn_name() {
fn t_get_nsig_fn_name() {
let name = get_nsig_fn_name(TEST_JS).unwrap();
assert_eq!(name, "Vo");
}
#[test]
fn test_match_to_closing_parenthesis() {
fn t_match_to_closing_parenthesis() {
let res =
match_to_closing_parenthesis("Kx Hello { Thx { Bye } } Wut {Tst {}}", "Hello").unwrap();
assert_eq!(res, " { Thx { Bye } }")
}
#[test]
fn test_get_nsig_fn() {
fn t_get_nsig_fn() {
let res = get_nsig_fn(TEST_JS).unwrap();
assert_eq!(res, N_DEOBF_FUNC);
}
#[test]
fn test_deobfuscate_nsig() {
fn t_deobfuscate_nsig() {
let res = deobfuscate_nsig("BI_n4PxQ22is-KKajKUW", N_DEOBF_FUNC).unwrap();
assert_eq!(res, "nrkec0fwgTWolw");
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn test_get_player_js_url() {
#[test(tokio::test)]
async fn t_get_player_js_url() {
let client = Client::new();
let url = get_player_js_url(&client).await.unwrap();
assert!(url.starts_with("https://www.youtube.com/s/player"));
assert_eq!(url.len(), 73);
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn test_update() {
#[test(tokio::test)]
async fn t_update() {
let client = Client::new();
let deobf = Deobfuscator::new(client);
@ -384,8 +386,8 @@ c[36](c[8],c[32]),c[20](c[25],c[10]),c[2](c[22],c[8]),c[32](c[20],c[16]),c[32](c
println!("{}", deobf_sig);
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn test_parallel() {
#[test(tokio::test)]
async fn t_parallel() {
let client = Client::new();
let deobf = Deobfuscator::new(client);
let deobf_arc = Arc::new(deobf);

View file

@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
#[macro_use] mod macros;
#[allow(dead_code)]
#[macro_use]
mod macros;
mod util;
mod deobfuscate;
pub mod client;

28
src/util.rs Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
use fancy_regex::Regex;
use rand::Rng;
/// Return the given capture group that matches first in a list of regexes
pub fn get_cg_from_regexes<'a, I>(mut regexes: I, text: &str, cg: usize) -> Option<String>
where
I: Iterator<Item = &'a Regex>,
{
regexes
.find_map(|pattern| pattern.captures(text).ok().flatten())
.map(|c| c.get(cg).unwrap().as_str().to_owned())
}
/// Generates a random string with given length and byte charset.
pub fn random_string(charset: &[u8], length: usize) -> String {
let mut result = String::with_capacity(length);
let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
unsafe {
for _ in 0..length {
result.push(
char::from(*charset.get_unchecked(rng.gen_range(0..charset.len())))
);
}
}
result
}